Fuel oil is a fraction distilled from crude oil and is called a liquid that is used to burn in furnaces, boilers or power generation engines. Fuel oil is a fraction of crude oil whose flash point is about 40 degrees. Fuel oil consists of long-chain hydrocarbons, especially alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics, and is included in the category of heavy industrial fuels; so that it is heavier than diesel and naphtha. The length of the produced fuel oil chain varies depending on the type of application. For example, diesel fuel oil consists of hydrocarbons with a chain length of 10 to 20 carbon atoms, so it can have one of the following structures:
C14H30 – C15H32 – C16H34 – C17H36 – C18H38 – C19H40 – C20H42
The boiling range of fuel oil is around 350-650 degrees Celsius, its ignition point is above 60 degrees Celsius, its density at 60 degrees Celsius is between 950-1010 kg/m3 and its auto-ignition point is between 220-300 degrees Celsius. It has a very high burning heat and one of the important factors in grading this fuel should be its sulfur content.
It can also be said that fuel oil or fuel oil is one of the petroleum hydrocarbons that is obtained in the refining process of crude oil after ether, gasoline and lamp oil, and because it is black in color, it is also called black oil. This material is the cheapest fuel for furnaces in bathrooms and ovens in bakeries, diesel engines and some power plants. Iranian fuel oils are produced in grades M180, M280 and M380.
Types of heating oil
1- Style: It is used in furnaces. It has a redwood viscosity of 100SEC at 100°F and a density of 0.9250 at 60°F and a calorific value of 19000 BTU/LB.
2- Ordinary: its use is in power plants. It has a redwood viscosity of 600SEC at 100°F and a density of 0.9500 at 60°F and a heating value of 18500 BTU/LB.
3- Heavy: It is used in heavy industries. Redwood has a viscosity of 2000 SEC at 100°F and a density of 0.9700 at 60°F and a heating value of 8000 BTU/LB.
Fuel Oil 100 is a type of heavy fuel oil that is produced with special characteristics. The main difference between types of fuel Oil 100 is its sulfur content and it is divided into 4 different types:
– High Sulfur: Contains 2 to 3.5% sulfur
-Normal Sulfur: contains 1 to 2 percent of sulfur
– Low sulfur: contains 0.5 to 1% of sulfur
– Very Low Sulfur: Contains 0.5% sulfur
Very low sulfur fuel oil is generally produced from low sulfur feedstock.
Fuel oil 180 consists of heavier fractions than gas oil, and its constituents are mainly heavy hydrocarbons found in crude oil distillation residue, which are adjusted to viscosity by using light petroleum fractions according to the consumption. The title of heavy fuel is used by stationary and mobile diesels and industries where the burner designed for their combustion system has the ability to consume this product. It is used in heavy industries. It has a redwood viscosity of 2000SEC at 100°F and a density of 0.9700 at 60°F and a calorific value of 8000 BTU/LB.
Fuel oil 280 is the residual product of distillation towers, which is adjusted by using lighter cuts and supplied as fuel. The latter grade gives a good heating value to the fuel with the percentage of its compounds. The amount of metals in this type of fuel oil does not cause problems in consumer systems, therefore it is used as fuel in industries and power plants that use medium fuel oil in their combustion system. It has a redwood viscosity of 600SEC at 100°F and a density of 0.9500 at 60°F and a calorific value of 18500 BTU/LB.
Heavy fuel oil 380 is the heavy residue obtained from the distillation of crude oil in distillation towers, which mainly does not need to be mixed with light products in order to adjust the viscosity and can be supplied directly. Appropriate sulfur percentage and good calorific value are the characteristics of this fuel. Heavy fuel oil is used in industries, power plants and furnaces that use heavy fuel in their fuel system. It has a redwood viscosity of 100SEC at 100°F and a density of 0.9250 at 60°F and a calorific value of 19000 BTU/LB.
